La BGU et Soroka montrent le lien entre l'anesthésie générale lors des césariennes et l'autisme grave
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Des chercheurs de l’Université Ben Gourion du Néguev (BGU) et des cliniciens du CHU Soroka en Israël, ont montré que les enfants exposés à l’anesthésie générale lors des accouchements par césarienne courent un plus grand risque de développer l’autisme. Ils ont également constaté que l’association entre anesthésie générale et autisme est particulièrement pertinente pour le type d’autisme présentant les symptômes les plus graves. L’exposition à l’anesthésie générale à la naissance peut contribuer au développement de l’autisme grave.
« Nous savons depuis de nombreuses années que les enfants nés par césarienne courent un risque plus élevé d’autisme, mais jusqu’ici nous n’avions pas été en mesure de dire exactement pourquoi », a déclaré le Dr Idan Menashe, du Département de la santé publique de la BGU et du Centre Zlotowski pour les neurosciences.
« L’exposition à l’anesthésie générale, couramment utilisée pour réaliser une césarienne, peut susciter des troubles de la communication dans la vie future. Nos résultats suggèrent que les césariennes pratiquées avec d’autres types d’anesthésie, telles que la sédation épidurale ou dans la colonne vertébrale, sont relativement sûres», a déclaré le Dr Menashe, qui est également directeur scientifique du Centre national de recherche sur l’autisme à la BGU.
L’étude, menée par une équipe interdisciplinaire du Centre national de recherche sur l’autisme à la BGU et dirigée par le Dr Menashe, a comparé les enregistrements de naissance de 350 enfants autistes et de 2000 témoins. Ils ont constaté que les naissances par césarienne menées sous anesthésie générale augmentaient le risque d’autisme, contrairement à celles pratiquées sous anesthésie épidurale ou rachidienne (locale). Ils ont également montré que le risque d’autisme associé à une anesthésie générale n’était pas lié au type de chirurgie.
Publication dans Autism and Developmental Disorders, 3 mai 2019
Esther Amar pour Israël Science Info[:en]
Children who are exposed to general anesthesia during Caesarean section births are at higher risk of developing autism, researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and clinicians from Soroka University Medical Center said Tuesday.
In Exposure to General Anesthesia May Contribute to the Association between Cesarean Delivery and Autism Spectrum Disorder, published in the current issue of Autism and Developmental Disorders, the researchers say they have discovered a link between the use of general anesthesia during Cesarean section and development of autism symptoms.
« We have known for many years that children born via ‘C-section’ are at higher risk of autism, but we weren’t able to quantify exactly why, » says Dr Idan Menashe, from BGU’s Department of Public Health and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience.
« The current research shows that the exposure to general anesthesia commonly used to perform a Ceasarian section, rather than the operation itself, is related to communication challenges later in life. This is important because our findings highlight the potential reason for the association between c-section and autism for many years and suggest that C-sections performed with other types of anesthesia such as epidural or spinal sedation are relatively safe, » says Dr. Menashe, who also serves as the scientific director of the National Autism Research Center at BGU.
The study, conducted by an interdisciplinary team from the National Autism Research Center at BGU and headed by Dr. Menashe, compared the births records of 350 children with autism and 2000 controls. They found that birth by C-section that were conducted with general anesthesia increase the risk of autism, while those performed with epidural or spinal (regional) anesthesia did not. They further showed that the risk of autism associated with general anesthesia is not related to the reason of the surgery (elective or because of birth or pregnancy complications).
The team also found that the association between general anesthesia and autism is particularly relevant to the type of autism with the most severe symptoms. They concluded that exposure to general anesthesia during birth may contribute to development of severe autism.
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) is the fastest growing research university in Israel. With 20,000 students, 4,000 staff and faculty members, and three campuses in Beer-Sheva, Sede Boqer and Eilat, BGU is an agent of change, fulfilling the vision of David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s legendary first prime minister, who envisaged the future of Israel emerging from the Negev. The University is at the heart of Beer-Sheva’s transformation into the country’s cyber capital, where leading multinational corporations eagerly leverage BGU’s expertise to generate innovative R&D.
As it counts down to its 50th anniversary, BGU’s mission continues to be effecting change, locally, regionally and internationally. With faculties in Engineering Sciences; Health Sciences; Natural Sciences; Humanities and Social Sciences; Business and Management; and Desert Studies, BGU is a university with a conscience, active both on the frontiers of science and in the community. Over a third of our students participate in one of the world’s most developed community action programs. The University is a recognized national and global leader in many fields, actively encouraging multi-disciplinary collaborations with government and industry, and nurturing entrepreneurship and innovation in all its forms.
Publication dans Autism and Developmental Disorders, 3 mai 2019
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